of life deep into the 18th century. Does world market integration breed more or less commodity price volatility? The … been associated with much greater commodity price volatility, while world market integration associated with peace and pro … never been constant. Globalization increased poor country specialization in commodities when the world went open after the …

countries joined their club. Furthermore, by the interwar the majority were catching up on Germany, the US and the UK, a process … that accelerated even more up to 1950-1975. What explains the spread of the industrial revolution world-wide and this … to have taken resource advantages away from the European and North American leaders, and integrating world financial …

This paper uses a new database to establish a key finding: high tariffs were associated with fast growth before World … controlling for novel measures of the changing world economic environment. Rejecting alternative explanations based on changing … head in a world environment characterized by a moderately higher level of generalized tariff protection. We confirm the …

This paper uses a new database to establish two findings covering the first globalization boom before World War I, the … second since World War II, and the autarkic interlude in between. First, there is strong evidence supporting a Tariff …-Growth Paradox: protection was associated with fast growth before World War II, while it was associated with slow growth thereafter …

experience in the Old World, the New World last century and a half …