-based admissions practices and the effect such preferences have on the quality of schools in which minority students enroll, graduation … argue these bans are very informative about how affirmative action affects URM students. Finally, we discuss the evidence on …

-prepared students while other institutions are better at graduating less-prepared students and that these matching effects are … of minority students, explaining 18% of the graduation rate increase in our preferred specification. Further …, universities appear to have responded to Prop 209 by investing more in their students, explaining between 23-64% of the graduation …