differ across countries and issue areas. Case studies of export subsidization in Korea, Brazil, Turkey, India, Kenya, and …

This paper reviews recent theory and evidence on trade and industrial policy reform in developing countries. First, the …

Much more than comparative advantage and free markets have been at play in shaping China's export success. Government … have developed in their absence. As a result, China has ended up with an export basket that is significantly more …

diverse interpretations. In many cases, the indicators of openness' used by researchers are poor measures of trade barriers or …Do countries with lower policy-induced barriers to international trade grow faster, once other relevant country … link between trade policy and growth have serious shortcomings. Papers that we review include Dollar (1992), Ben …

This study focuses on the role of trade and trade policy in achieving sustained long-term growth in Africa. One major … conclusion is that trade policy in Sub-Saharan Africa works much the same way that it does elsewhere. High levels of trade … improved trade performance in the region. There is little ground for pessimism in this respect, or for concern that Africa …

The export booms in South Korea and Taiwan starting in the early 1960s are anomalous when compared with later export … than its instigator. In economies like South Korea and Taiwan, an increase in investment required an increase in imports of … exports and imports. Moreover, this could happen with a relatively small change in the relative price of exportables …

Three questions lie at the core of the large and distinguished literature on the political economy of trade policy …. First, why is international trade not free? Second, why are trade policies universally biased against (rather than in favor … of) trade? Third, what are the determinants of the variation in protection levels across industries, countries, and …

Despite the well-known gains from trade, trade liberalization is politically one of the most contentious actions that a … explanations for why that is the case; many individuals will simply not know how they will fare under trade reform, and this can …

countries in traditionally labor-intensive manufacturing (and other) activities, and decreases their gains from trade. Second … that compound each other. The evidence to date, on the employment and trade fronts, is that the disadvantages may have more …