We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory toughness' and their effects on bank lending. The data …, affected bank lending. However, all of the measured effects are small, with 1% or less of loans receiving harsher or easier … classification, about 3% of banks receiving better or worse CAMEL ratings, and bank lending being changed by 1% or less of assets …

activities that require the processing of soft information. We explore this idea in the context of bank lending to small firms … records. Moreover, controlling for the endogeneity of bank-firm matching, large banks lend at a greater distance, interact …

international financial system. Eventually the Bundesbank provided the role model for the European Central Bank. Hence, we examine … policy over the period 1975-1998. We compare the Bundesbank's monetary policy rule with those of the FED and of the Bank of …