annual PAC contributions and about 40 percent of total federal lobbying expenditures. Given the lack of formal electoral or …

competition in U.S. industries. Lobbying expenditures increase as a consequence of import changes related to the China shock. The … effect on lobbying is not homogeneous across firms and it concentrates particularly in those producers which are behind the … technological frontier. We discuss theoretical mechanisms driving lobbying of firms away from the technological frontier: not only …

get inside the black box of the lobbying process and inform our understanding of the relative importance of these two … views of lobbying. We exploit multiple sources of data covering the period 1999 to 2008, including: federal lobbying … lobbying does not fit the data well. Instead, maintaining connections to politicians appears central to what lobbyists do. In …

This paper employs a novel data set on lobbying expenditures to measure the degree of within-sector political … organization and to explore the determinants of the mode of lobbying and political organization across U.S. industries. The data …