for the United States but also with reference to the wider world. We establish the outlines of international integration a … century ago and analyze the institutional and informational impediments that prevented the late nineteenth century world from … achieving the same degree of integration as today. We conclude that the world today is different: commercial and financial …

international monetary framework was responsible for the relatively short-lived and mild nature of pre-World War I financial crises …

We examine the evidence of contagion during the pre World War I era and the interwar and contrast our findings with the …

finance literature has in some respects not kept pace with world trends. Most empirical studies fail to take due account of … the diversity of assets offered by countries around the world, the diversity of locales in which investors live, and the …