We compile large datasets from Norwegian and US historical censuses to study return migration during the Age of Mass … Migration (1850-1913). Return migrants were somewhat negatively selected from the migrant pool: Norwegian immigrants who …

Migration of young workers (as distinct from retirees), even when driven in by the generosity of the welfare state …, slows down the trend of increasing dependency ratio. But, even though low-skill migration improves the dependency ratio, it … estimate the fiscal burden that low-skill migration imposes on the fiscal system. However an important message of this paper is …