products to China. We find causal evidence that offshoring impacts both the level and nature of innovation. In the technologies … directly related to product categories that could be offshored more easily after the policy shock, overall innovation levels … decline and innovative effort shifts away from product innovation and towards process innovation. However, we also find …

effect on the performance of domestic firms relative to their foreign competitors, by stimulating domestic innovation. We … examine the stylized facts regarding environmental expenditures and innovation in a panel of manufacturing industries. We find …