This paper uses analytical and simulation models to study the impact of temporary and permanent import surcharges on … the intersectoral and intertemporal substitution effects generated by import surcharges. This model shows that the trade … analyzed import surcharges in combining sectoral disaggregation with an integrated treatment of current and capital account …

investment in infra- structure and to expand their capacity to export. Neither of these scenarios has a counterpart in current U …: a favorable shock to the terms of trade or a reallocation of resources toward investment in export-oriented sectors. The … prior foreign investments or through the large-scale export of services, or used the debt they incurred to finance …

investment less attractive, averse trends in technology and productivity growth, and a decline in the relative price of … investment goods. A long view from economic history is most supportive of the last of these four views …

conventional explanation for these events, which emphasizes an undervalued French franc and an export-led boom. While French …. Investment, not exports, emerges as the proximate source of the French economy's resistance to the Great Depression. And fiscal … policy emerges as the major determinant of the surge in French investment spending. Previous accounts have emphasized the …

demand for tax smoothing and public investment. Governments whose ability to provide such services is limited may therefore …