monetary system from 1928-1971 and simulate its implications for the determination of the world price level and the durability … implications for economic growth and resource allocation of allowing 1920s-style international capital mobility after World War II …

We assemble data on the structure of bank supervision, distinguishing supervision by the central bank from supervision … countries from 1998 through 2010, we find that supervisory responsibility tends to be assigned to the central bank in low …. Countries with independent supervisors other than the central bank have fewer nonperforming loans as a share of GDP even after …

for the United States but also with reference to the wider world. We establish the outlines of international integration a … century ago and analyze the institutional and informational impediments that prevented the late nineteenth century world from … achieving the same degree of integration as today. We conclude that the world today is different: commercial and financial …

This paper analyzes the determinants of spreads on syndicated bank lending to emerging markets, treating the loan … interpretation of bank finance as dominating that segment of international financial markets characterized by the most pronounced …

who participates in this shift. We exploit a dataset combining Gallup World Polls and Global Findex surveys for some 250 …. Epidemic exposure is associated with an increase in remote-access (online/mobile) banking and substitution from bank branch …

between generalized financial crises on the one hand and isolated bank failures, debt defaults and foreign-exchange market …-market disturbances and bank failures. In both the 1930s and 1980s, the institutional environment was drastically altered by rapid change …