Using the universe of large Canadian manufacturing firms in 1988 and 1996, we investigate to what extent outsourcing … outsourcing less likely; (ii) complementarities between the investments of the buyer and the seller are also associated with less … outsourcing; (iii) property rights predictions on the link between investment intensities and optimal ownership are only supported …

sourcing locations, and leads to non-monotonic responses in third markets to bilateral trade cost changes …

confidential Mexican economic census data from 1994 to 2019, we document a rising trend over this period in on-site outsourcing … domestic outsourcing in 2021, we show that the ban drastically reduced outsourcing, increased wages, and reduced measured …