We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

In this paper, we develop a simple model of international outsourcing and apply it to processing trade in China. We …

reshoring or offshoring. When the demand elasticity rises with price, two policy instruments generally are needed to achieve …

be performed at home or abroad, but offshoring entails costs that vary by task. In equilibrium, the tasks with the … highest offshoring costs may not be traded. Among the remainder, those with the relatively higher offshoring costs are …

tradable tasks and use it to study how falling costs of offshoring affect factor prices in the source country. We identify a …

correspond to an increase in outsourcing by multinationals from the United States and other Northern countries, is to shift …

We identify "first generation" statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, "second generation …

When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

While outsourcing of production from the U.S. to Mexico has been hailed in Mexico as a valuable engine of growth … literature to study the second moment properties of outsourcing. We begin by documenting a new stylized fact: the maquiladora … outsourcing industries in Mexico experience fluctuations in value added that are roughly twice as volatile as the corresponding …