We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

correspond to an increase in outsourcing by multinationals from the United States and other Northern countries, is to shift …

When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

1980's. We argue that a contributing factor to this decline was rising imports reflecting the outsourcing of production …