costliness of the devaluation when it finally comes. In the longer term, greater openness to trade reduces vulnerability to both …

We review the empirical evidence on the relationship between Trade Liberalization, Inequality, and Poverty based on the … analysis of micro data from several developing countries that underwent significant trade reforms in recent years. Despite many … studies' has established certain patterns that seem common across countries and trade liberalization episodes, and may hence …

We explore the relationship between greater exposure to trade (as measured by openness) and child labor in a cross … countries that trade more have less child labor. At the cross-country means, the data suggest an openness elasticity of child …. When we control for the endogeneity of trade and for cross-country income differences, the openness elasticity of child …

also discusses perceptions about international trade in over 40 countries at different levels of development, including …This paper assesses the current state of evidence on how international trade shapes inequality and poverty through its … perceptions on trade's overall benefits for the economy, trade's effect on the livelihood of workers through wages and jobs, and …

terms of trade shocks. For India, in particular, one major exogenous supply shock is the monsoon rains. NGDP targeting … targeting (IT), by contrast, the full impact of an adverse supply shock or terms of trade shock is felt as a loss in real GDP …