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Crisis Innovation Policy from World War II to COVID-19

Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585399

Organizational Frictions and Increasing Returns to Automation : Lessons from AT&T in the Twentieth Century

Feigenbaum, James J.; Gross, Daniel P. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

AT&T was the largest U.S. firm for most of the 20th century. Telephone operators once comprised over 50% of its workforce, but in the late 1910s it initiated a decades-long process of automating telephone operation with mechanical call switching--a technology first invented in the 1880s. We...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012794608

Extending the Race between Education and Technology

Autor, David H.; Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2020

The race between education and technology provides a canonical framework that does an excellent job of explaining U.S. wage structure changes across the twentieth century. The framework involves secular increases in the demand for more-educated workers from skill-biased technological change,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012479229

The Economics of Crisis Innovation Policy : A Historical Perspective

Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers, researchers, and journalists have made comparisons to World War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the Allied war effort, including significant investments in...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482553

Corruption and Reform : An Introduction

Glaeser, Edward L.; Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2004

United States was once considerably more corrupt than it is today, then America's history should offer lessons about how to … from a series of essays for a conference volume, Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's History, for which this … paper is the introduction that attempt to understand the remarkable evolution of corruption and reform in U.S. history …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012467915

The "Virtues" of the Past : Education in the First Hundred Years of the New Republic

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2003

able to close the gap until the last quarter of the twentieth century. For much of its history U.S. education was spurred …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012468739

The Shaping of Higher Education : The Formative Years in the United States, 1890 to 1940

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1998

The American university was shaped in a formative period from 1890 to 1940 long before the rise of federal funding, the G.I. Bill, and mass higher education. Both the scale and scope of institutions of higher education were greatly increased, the research university blossomed, states vastly...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012472270

Human Capital and Social Capital : The Rise of Secondary Schooling in America, 1910 to 1940

Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence F. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 1998

The United States led all other nations in the development of universal and publicly-funded secondary school education and much of the growth occurred from 1910 to 1940. The focus here is on the reasons for the high school movement' in American generally and why it occurred so early and swiftly...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012472366

XX>XY? : The Changing Female Advantage in Life Expectancy

Goldin, Claudia; Lleras-Muney, Adriana - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2018

Females live longer than males in most parts of the world today. Among OECD nations in recent years, the difference in life expectancy at birth is around four to six years (seven in Japan). But have women always lived so much longer than men? The answer is that they have not. We ask when and why...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012453004

Why Women Won

Goldin, Claudia - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023

history I've compiled from 1905 to 2023, 45% occurred between 1963 and 1973. The greatly increased employment of women, the …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014421187