Japan's zaibatsu, or pyramidal business groups, provided this coordination after the Meiji government failed at the task. We … that unique historical circumstances aided their success in prewar Japan. Specifically, Japan uniquely marginalized its …

Japan, an isolated, backward country in the 1860s, industrialized rapidly to become a major industrial power by the …

Japan's successful industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th century largely exhausted its then abundant … natural resources. Rather than exemplifying rapid development in the absence of natural resources, Japan shows how laissez … resources curse that undermined its prior state-led industrialization strategy. Japan's post-WWII reconstruction relied little …