correspond to an increase in outsourcing by multinationals from the United States and other Northern countries, is to shift …

nonproduction workers. Trade is measured by the foreign outsourcing of intermediate inputs, while technical change is measured by … outsourcing and expenditures on high-technology equipment can explain a substantial amount of the increase in the wages of … 50% greater impact than does foreign outsourcing …

and how these responses, in turn, are transmitted to the labor market. In previous work, we have argued that outsourcing … input purchases from the Census of Manufactures. We construct industry-by-industry estimates of outsourcing for the period … 1972-1990 and reexamine whether outsourcing has contributed to an increase in relative demand for skilled labor. Our main …

1980's. We argue that a contributing factor to this decline was rising imports reflecting the outsourcing of production …