The 1984 federal Comprehensive Crime Control Act (CCCA) included a provision that permitted local law enforcement … forfeited assets influenced crime and police incentives by taking advantage of pre-existing differences in state level civil … asset forfeiture law and the timing of the CCCA. We find that after the CCCA was enacted crime fell about 17 percent in …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … reducing property crime, but no systematic differences are observed for violent crime. These results are consistent either with …

Previous empirical studies have typically uncovered little evidence that police reduce crime. One problem with those … studies is a failure to adequately deal with the simultaneity between police and crime: while police may or may not reduce … crime, there is little doubt that expenditures on police forces are an increasing function of the crime rate. In this study …