asymmetric response of crime. In this paper we use three different data sets and three different empirical methodologies to … document this previously-unnoticed regularity. Using nonparametric methods we show that the behavior of property crime is … data from New York City we demonstrate that property crime reacts more (less) strongly to increases (decreases) in the …

between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … reducing property crime, but no systematic differences are observed for violent crime. These results are consistent either with …

This report summarizes the results of a project which investigated the time series interrelationships between crime …

Previous empirical studies have typically uncovered little evidence that police reduce crime. One problem with those … studies is a failure to adequately deal with the simultaneity between police and crime: while police may or may not reduce … crime, there is little doubt that expenditures on police forces are an increasing function of the crime rate. In this study …