between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … reducing property crime, but no systematic differences are observed for violent crime. These results are consistent either with …

adult courts. During that same time period juvenile violent crime" rates have grown almost twice as quickly as adult crime … relative punishments" can account for 60 percent of the differential growth rates in juvenile and adult violent crime" between …

Private expenditures on crime reduction have potentially important externalities. Observable measures such as barbed …-wire fences and deadbolt locks may shift crime to those who are unprotected, imposing a negative externality. Unobservable …, any decrease in the aggregate crime rates due to Lojack is an externality from the perspective of the individual Lojack …

This paper demonstrates that rising crime rates in cities are correlated with city depopulation. Instrumental variables … estimates, using measures of the certainty and severity of a state?s criminal justice system as instruments for city crime rates …, imply that the direction of causality runs from crime to urban flight. Using annual city-level panel data, our estimates …

A strong, negative empirical correlation exists between arrest rates and reported crime rates. While this relationship …, and/or a spurious correlation that would be induced by measurement error in reported crime rates. This paper attempts to … arrest rates and crime. Using a modified version of the techniques of Griliches and Hausman (1986) for dealing with …

Previous studies of the impact of changes in prisoner populations on crime rates have failed to adequately control for … the simultaneity between those two variables. While increases in the number of prisoners are likely to reduce crime …, rising crime rates also translate into larger prison populations. To break that simultaneity, this paper uses the status of …

Previous empirical studies have typically uncovered little evidence that police reduce crime. One problem with those … studies is a failure to adequately deal with the simultaneity between police and crime: while police may or may not reduce … crime, there is little doubt that expenditures on police forces are an increasing function of the crime rate. In this study …

role in the crime drop of the 1990s. That paper concluded with a strong out-of-sample prediction regarding the next two … declines of 1 percent a year in crime over the next two decades." Estimating parallel specifications to the original paper, but … all specifications. We estimate that crime fell roughly 20% between 1997 and 2014 due to legalized abortion. The …

role in explaining the observed decline in crime approximately two decades later. Foote and Goetz (2005) challenge the … to abortion exposure), however, the evidence in support of the abortion-crime hypothesis is as strong or stronger than …

reductions in crime almost two decades later when the cohorts exposed to legalized abortion reach their peak crime years. Joyce … between abortion and crime is a direct consequence of his decision to focus exclusively on the six-year period 1985-90 without …), the evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that legalized abortion reduces crime. We also show that our original …