between the racial composition of a city's police force and the racial patterns of arrests and crime. Increases in the number … police officers has a less clear-cut impact on crime rates. It appears that own-race policing may be more effective in … reducing property crime, but no systematic differences are observed for violent crime. These results are consistent either with …

Previous empirical studies have typically uncovered little evidence that police reduce crime. One problem with those … studies is a failure to adequately deal with the simultaneity between police and crime: while police may or may not reduce … crime, there is little doubt that expenditures on police forces are an increasing function of the crime rate. In this study …

role in the crime drop of the 1990s. That paper concluded with a strong out-of-sample prediction regarding the next two … declines of 1 percent a year in crime over the next two decades." Estimating parallel specifications to the original paper, but … all specifications. We estimate that crime fell roughly 20% between 1997 and 2014 due to legalized abortion. The …

role in explaining the observed decline in crime approximately two decades later. Foote and Goetz (2005) challenge the … to abortion exposure), however, the evidence in support of the abortion-crime hypothesis is as strong or stronger than …

reductions in crime almost two decades later when the cohorts exposed to legalized abortion reach their peak crime years. Joyce … between abortion and crime is a direct consequence of his decision to focus exclusively on the six-year period 1985-90 without …), the evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that legalized abortion reduces crime. We also show that our original …