care productivity, we analyze longitudinal data on the medical expenditures and health outcomes of the vast majority of …To develop new evidence on the effects of hospital ownership and other aspects of hospital market composition on health ….4 percent lower levels of hospital expenditures, but virtually the same patient health outcomes. We conclude that for …

Integrating the health services and insurance industries (HMOs) could lower expenditure by reducing either the quantity … traditional plans in two data sets. The nature of these health problems should minimize selection, and OLS and instrumental … treatments and health outcomes differ little; virtually all the difference in spending comes from lower unit prices. Managed care …