-run growth by increasing the profit from innovation. In the short run, factors of production must be reallocated inside firms …, which lowers the opportunity cost of innovation, generating an additional trapped factor effect. Starting from a baseline …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …