' time inputs are perfect substitutes in household production. With no further assumptions (other than efficiency and the … households optimally adjusting spouses' stocks of market and household human capital, the specialization conclusion does not …, regardless of the levels at which they are fixed. Other assumptions about household technology also imply the specialization …

In an efficient household if the spouses' time inputs are perfect substitutes, then spouses will "specialize …" regardless of their preferences and the governance structure. That is, both spouses will not allocate time to both household ….e., the household production function when only one spouse allocates time to home production) are closely related, satisfying …