through unemployment insurance (UI). We introduce a novel empirical test of standard neoclassical models of fertility that … fertility rates. This implies that the well-documented cyclical nature of fertility rates is about access to liquidity. We also …

The causal effects of fertility are a central focus in the social sciences, but the analysis is challenged by the … endogeneity of fertility choices. Earlier work has proposed several "natural experiments" from twin births or gender composition … rare (twins) and weak (gender composition) instrumental variables for fertility. This paper proposes a new "natural …

the fertility and marital behavior in Germany, until recently a lowest-low fertility setting. We find that exposure to … greater import competition from Eastern Europe led to worse labor market outcomes and lower fertility rates. In contrast …, workers in industries that benefited from increased exports had better employment prospects and higher fertility. These …

parental decisions (labor market, investments in children, and fertility). We merge rich sources of historical information on … find that the policies exacerbated the motherhood penalty in labor market outcomes and that they affected fertility choices …

We investigate women's fertility, labor and marriage market responses to a health innovation that led to reductions in … intensive and extensive margin fertility, a decline in the chances of ever having married, increased labor force participation … allow women to start fertility later and invest more in the labor market. We present a new theory of fertility that …

evidence of a clear impact on fertility …