Barro, Robert J.; McCleary, Rachel M. - In: The quarterly journal of economics 120 (2008) 4, pp. 1331-1370
For 188 independent countries in 2000, 72 had no state religion in the years 2000, 1970, and 1900; 58 had a state … religion at all three dates; and 58 had some kind of transition. Among the 58 transitional countries, 12 had two transitions, 4 … of which (former Soviet Republics in Asia) involved two forms of state religion. The probability of having a state …