Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping …

Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

We study the global innovation and diffusion of ideas by introducing trade into the model in Eaton and Kortum (1999 … intensity of innovation within countries over time and diffusion rates across countries. We find significant specialization … across the globe: some countries have high innovation rates, while other countries rely on diffusion. Although innovation is …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …