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Crisis Innovation Policy from World War II to COVID-19
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585399
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Expected Profits and The Scientific Novelty of Innovation
Dranove, David - 2020
Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481677
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The Economics of Crisis Innovation Policy : A Historical Perspective
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482553
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The NBER Orange Book Dataset : A User's Guide
Durvasula, Maya; Hemphill, C. Scott; Ouellette, Lisa … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
This paper introduces a newly digitized, open-access version of the Food and Drug Administration's "Orange Book"--a linkage between approved small-molecule drugs and the patents that protect them. The Orange Book also reports any applicable regulatory exclusivity that prevents competitive entry....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013462677
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Innovation Market Failures and the Design of New Climate Policy Instruments
Armitage, Sarah C.; Bakhtian, Noël; Jaffe, Adam B. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014337854
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Can Operation Warp Speed Serve as a Model for Accelerating Innovations Beyond COVID Vaccines?
D'Souza, Arielle; Hoyt, Kendall; Snyder, Christopher M.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2024
Operation Warp Speed (OWS) was a U.S. government-led program to accelerate the development, production, and administration of COVID-19 vaccines. The program cut the typical ten-year timeline needed to develop a new vaccine down to ten months and began vaccinating vulnerable populations within a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015056157
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Science as a Public Good : Public Use and Funding of Science
Yin, Yian; Dong, Yuxiao; Wang, Kuansan; Wang, Dashun; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Knowledge of how science is consumed in public domains is essential for a deeper understanding of the role of science in human society. While science is heavily supported by public funding, common depictions suggest that scientific research remains an isolated or 'ivory tower' activity, with...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012510627
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The Role of Assets In Place : Loss of Market Exclusivity and Investment
Higgins, Matthew J. - 2020
We utilize a novel identification strategy to analyze the impact of assets in place on firms' decisions for future projects. We exploit the context in the pharmaceutical industry, where the loss of market exclusivity for a branded drug can be used to separate the impact of cash flows generated...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481442
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Inventing the Endless Frontier : The Effects of the World War II Research Effort on Post-war Innovation
Gross, Daniel P. - 2020
During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: the newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to two orders of magnitude...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481570
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Private and Social Returns to R&D : Drug Development and Demographics
Benmelech, Efraim; Eberly, Janice C.; Krieger, Joshua L.; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Investment in intangible capital--in particular, research and development--increased dramatically since the 1990s. However, productivity growth remains sluggish in recent years. One potential reason is that a significant share of the increase in intangible investment is geared toward consumer...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482573