Many jurisdictions around the world have deregulated utilities and opened retail markets to competition. However … residential electricity market, we document evidence of consumer inertia. We estimate an econometric model of retail choice to …

. Economic liberalizations are measured by a widely used indicator that captures the scope of the market in the economy, and in …

high costs of protection as the world economy integrates all conduce toward a more liberal trading order. Demands for …

known price and one asset, gold, with a random rice in terms of the numeraire. Under these assumptions, it is found that the … portfolio in U.S. dollars. Because of the covariance of exchange rates and gold, the exclusion of the latter generates …

The paper is a study of the price level and relative price effects of a policy to monetize gold and fix its price at a … gold standard and during the post-monetization period. The paper also explores the adjustments to fiat money which are … necessary to ensure that this type of gold monetization is non-inflationary. Finally, some conditions which produce a run on the …

We compare the resumption of convertibility into gold by the United States in 1879 and Britain in 1925 to ascertain the …

reflected systematically in the price of gold and, hence, that gold price movements, under the maintained hypothesis, should … of gold prices on exchange rates conditional on other monetary and real macroeconomic variables, and applies the …