This paper analyzes the short-run trade effects of retaliatory tariffs against agriculture and food exports from the … United States. The results indicate that these tariffs caused a substantial decline in U.S. agriculture and food exports and …

exporters of those products. Appearances may be deceiving, however, since theory shows that a distortion effect operates …

unable for institutional reasons to diversify their loan risks either within agriculture or across other geographically …

) emissions from agriculture. In a step towards a full evaluation of the impacts, it uses a counterfactual global model scenario … that currently tax agriculture have high emission intensities. Policies that directly reduce emission intensities yield …

The primary predictions of strategic-trade theory are not restricted to imperfectly-competitive markets. Indeed, these … predictions emerge in a natural three-country extension of the traditional theory of trade policy in competitive markets, once the … theory is augmented to allow for politically-motivated governments, so that the sign of export policy may be converted from …

This paper describes an efficiency approach to the evaluation of policy changes. Rather than comparing the utility …