Scientific knowledge is believed to be the wellspring of innovation. Historically, firms have also invested in research … to fuel innovation and growth. In this paper, we document a shift away from scientific research by large corporations … also find that the value attributable to scientific research has dropped, whereas the value attributable to technical …

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

This paper presents an international comparison of R&D activities in basic and applied research. The commonly-held view … that Japan is not spending much on basic technology development cannot be empirically substantiated from the study of the … technology.The second part of the paper is to show how two countries, one with heavy R&D activities in basic technology (the U …

This paper explores the implications of a simple model of learning and innovation by firms. In this model R … effect of spillovers on research productivity of firms exceeds the structural effect because it includes an active learning … expenditures and internal research expenditures. The findings are consistent with the view that learning expenditures transmit the …

, organization, research and innovation, we attempt to explain the rise of corporate research. We argue that it was driven by … laboratories, hired trained scientists, and embarked upon basic research of the kind we would associate today with academic … companies trying to take advantage of opportunities for innovation made possible by scientific advances and an underdeveloped …

This paper is an attempt to assess the existence and magnitude of local research spillovers in France. We rely on the …

This paper describes flows of basic research through the U.S. economy and explores their implications for scientific … of measures of science rather than technology. Together its results provide a more complete picture of the structure of … basic research flows than was previously available. Basic research flows are high within petrochemicals and drugs and within …

research output, the time and cost to completion, and the market demand for the R&D output. The model is then applied to study … there is no consensus on how to administer the sponsorship effectively. Different research incentive contracts are examined …