In this chapter we revisit the relationship between income and fertility. There is overwhelming empirical evidence that … fertility is negatively related to income in most countries at most times. Several theories have been proposed in the literature …

Only a few rich nations are currently at replacement levels of fertility and many are considerably below. We believe … that changes in the status of women are driving fertility change. At low levels of female status, women specialize in … household production and fertility is high. In an intermediate phase, women have increasing opportunities to earn a living …

fertility and greater parental investment in children; (ii) a rise in married female labor-force participation; (iii) a …

The causal effects of fertility are a central focus in the social sciences, but the analysis is challenged by the … endogeneity of fertility choices. Earlier work has proposed several "natural experiments" from twin births or gender composition … rare (twins) and weak (gender composition) instrumental variables for fertility. This paper proposes a new "natural …

We estimate the effects of large, positive wealth shocks on marriage and fertility in a sample of Swedish lottery …'s attractiveness as prospective and current partners. Wealth also increases male fertility. The only discernible effect on female …

The historical fertility transition is one of the most important events in economic history. This study provides new … the sharp decline in fertility that took place in Britain beginning in that year. We then show that similar declines are … highlight the importance of changing social norms in the historical fertility transition and provide novel evidence showing that …