Smoke from massive wildfires blanketed Indonesia in late 1997. This paper examines the impact this air pollution …,600 missing children in Indonesia (1.2% of the affected birth cohorts). Prenatal exposure to pollution largely drives the result … (particulate matter) had on fetal, infant, and child mortality. Exploiting the sharp timing and spatial patterns of the pollution …

For political, jurisdictional and technical reasons, environmental regulation of industrial pollution is often … incomplete: regulations apply to only a subset of facilities contributing to a pollution problem. Policymakers are increasingly … regulated producers are less polluting than their unregulated ounterparts, emissions under incomplete regulation can exceed the …

regulation. Guided by restrictive legislative mandates, regulatory policies often strike a quite different balance with an … policy efforts. Inadequate regulatory enforcement and behavioral responses to regulation may limit their effectiveness, while …

reduction in regulation in better funded localities. The findings are directly relevant to Indonesia where corruption is high …Bribes by firms in Indonesia arise principally from regulations --licenses and levies --imposed by local government … latter is capitalized into lower salaries needed by localities to compensate public officials. Localities in Indonesia are …

Much of what we know about the marginal effect of pollution on infant mortality is derived from developed country data …. However, given the lower levels of air pollution in developed countries, these estimates may not be externally valid to the … developing country context if there is a nonlinear dose relationship between pollution and mortality or if the costs of avoidance …

trade policy as an implicit regulation of foreign emission sources has gained many supporters in countries contemplating …

detailed air pollution measurements within Ugandan cities. We find that firms locate on the busiest roads searching for … customer visibility, but in doing so they expose their workers to substantial pollution. This sorting pattern increases profits …