This paper studies the effects of the USPTO's patent secrecy program in World War II, under which over 11,000 U ….S. patent applications were issued secrecy orders which halted examination and prohibited inventors from disclosing their … compulsory invention secrecy reduced follow-on invention and restricted commercialization, but as part of the security policies …

We analyze the impact of accession to the regional patent system established by the European Patent Convention (EPC) on … applicants at the national patent offices and the European Patent Office (EPO). Our findings suggest a strong change in patent … filing behavior among foreigners seeking patent protection in the accession states, substituting EPO patents for domestic …

patent. The discovery of the periodic table in 1869 offers an opportunity to test this idea. Exhibition data show that …

success of the invention. Prize-oriented institutions thus appear to be less systematic and not as market-oriented as patent …Such institutions as patent systems cannot be well understood without an assessment of technological creativity in …

A sample of patent records from the United States between 1790 and 1846 is employed to study the patterns in inventive … activity was positively related to the growth of markets during early industrialization …

received over their careers, we highlight the impact of early U.S. patent institutions in providing broad access to economic … procedures for application, the United States deliberately created a patent system that allowed a much wider range, in … patent institutions. Moreover, by requiring that applications be examined for novelty by technical experts, and by enforcing …

for patented inventions. This study examines data on several thousand of these inducement prizes, matched with patent … disillusioned with the prize system, which they recognized had done little to promote technological progress and industrialization … offering inducement prizes towards lobbying for reforms to strengthen the patent system. The findings suggest some skepticism …

This paper examines the distribution of the values of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany during … alternative ages and the renewal fee schedules to produce estimates of the distribution (and the total) value of patent rights in … changes over the period. The empirical results of particular interest concern: the total value of patent rights and the …

past innovations. With full patent protection, followers can catch up to the leader in their industry either by making the … simple form of licensing. Second, we show that full patent protection is not optimal from the viewpoint of maximizing the …