Political and economic transition is often blamed for Russia's 40% surge in deaths between 1990 and 1994. Highlighting … the campaign's end explains a large share of the mortality crisis - implying that Russia's transition to capitalism and …

) by the Nazis during World War II and long-run economic and political outcomes within Russia. Cities that experienced the … it induced in the social structure, in particular the size of the middle class, across different regions of Russia …

explain a small part of Russia's increasing wealth inequality. The biggest beneficiaries were not the so-called "oligarchs … comparable state enterprises and companies sold to incumbent managers, and helped fuel Russia's rapid growth after 1999 …

weak outsider property rights enforcement in Russia. Keywords: institutional environment and internal labor market …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four … historical questions that bear on the current situation. How advanced was Russia in 1913? What relevance, if any, does the New … 1970s and 1980s? What role did Gorbachev's policies play in bringing about the final collapse of the Soviet Union? Russia …

econometric identification problems. Furthermore, using data from the late 90s from transition Russia, it is argued that one …