study a reform in Germany that abruptly abolished this mandate for certain firms incorporated after August 1994 but locked …

German system of codetermination,' a governance system under which employees are allocated some control rights over corporate … assets by law. Codetermination laws require that employees be represented on the (supervisory) board of directors. If … codetermination sufficiently empowers employees, and if stockholders' rights cannot be contractually protected, then employees may …

pillars of the model: sectoral collective bargaining and firm-level codetermination. Relative to the United States, Germany …-level distributional conflict. Relative to other European countries, Germany makes it easy for employers to avoid coverage or use … unemployment, but may also erode bargaining coverage and increase inequality. Meanwhile, firm-level codetermination through worker …

provides evidence on changes in participatory employment practices in Japan during the economic slowdown in the 1990s. Overall …