The expansion of U.S. universities after World War II gained from the arrival of immigrant scientists and graduate … convergence in world science and engineering and a falling U.S. share. But the slowdown of U.S. publication rates in the late 1990 …

Competition between opposing lobbies is an important factor in the endogenous determination of trade policy. This paper … investigates empirically the consequences of lobbying competition between upstream and downstream producers for trade policy. The … with lobbying competition. Importantly, accounting for lobbying competition also alters substantially estimates of the …

This paper examines the attitude of Jewish law to competition in light of the economist's understanding of the benefits … of competition and of the beneficiaries from intervention in the competitive process. The punchline of this paper is … simple. Although Judaism has used a whole host of restrictions on competition and has had its share of legislation to promote …

shifts. By shocks we mean sudden jolts to the world economy in the form of financial crises and deep recessions, or wars and …

emergence of the global fiscal cycle: governments' competition over the provision of reserve assets gives rise to strategic … complementarity in the issuances, even when the reserve assets are substitutes in partial equilibrium. We show our reserve-asset-competition …

The folk wisdom is that competition reduces agency costs. We provide indirect empirical support for this view. We argue …

We explore the effects of two kinds of competition on the cost of capital in the tax-exempt bond market: (1 …) competition amongst underwriters and (2) competition amongst issuers (most of which are quasi-public special authorities … sanctioned by state governments). The first kind of competition--essentially, competitive versus negotiated bidding processes …