railways, newly-constructed spatially-disaggregated data for London from 1801-1921, and a quantitative urban model to provide … buildings in Greater London by 20 percent or more, and brings down commuting into the City of London from more than 370,000 to …

This study provides new evidence on the impact of air pollution in London over the century from 1866-1965. To identify … weeks with elevated pollution levels I use new data tracking the timing of London's famous fog events, which trapped … exposure due to fog events accounted for at least one out of every 200 deaths in London during this century. I provide evidence …

We use the German bombing of London during the Second World War as an exogenous source of variation to provide evidence … destruction, property values, and socioeconomic composition in London before and after the Second World War. We develop a …

approach to data from British cities for 1851-1911. I show that local industrial coal use substantially reduced long-run city … employment growth over this period. Moreover, a counterfactual analysis suggests that plausible improvements in coal use …

this relationship in 1900. Growing industrial coal use from 1851-1900 reduced life expectancy by at least 0.57 years. A …

modern Environmental Kuznets Curve: in the decades leading up to 1890, the number of foggy days in London rose steadily, but … after 1891, the fogs began to subside. Brodie attributed the rise and fall of the London fog to variation in emissions of … coal smoke, arguing that before 1890 Londoners burned excessive amounts of soft coal, while in the years following, a …

Historically coal has offered both benefits and costs to urban areas. Benefits include coal's role in fueling industry … Rosen-Roback style model to examine how differences in local coal availability affect equilibrium city employment. Drawing … on the model, the paper surveys papers that examine the net effects of coal on the growth in city population and air …

The historical fertility transition is one of the most important events in economic history. This study provides new …