scientists and engineers without asking whether the educational system provides that supply response necessary for these … illustrate the path not taken, the paper considers specific programs that could increase the numbers of scientists and engineers …

This paper analyzes the effects of top nanoscale scientists on industry entry in the comparative context of 5 major …

for scientists related to defense such as physicists and aeronautical engineers. Because of the higher wages, conventional … scientists and engineers even for firms not receiving federal support, government funding directly crowds out private inventive …

engineers proportion (SEP) of employment, and productivity and labor earnings. We show that: (1) most scientists and engineers … establishment. The results suggest that the work of scientists and engineers in goods and services producing establishments is an … important pathway for increasing productivity and earnings, separate and distinct from the work of scientists and engineers who …

Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university … star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists …