two births in families with at least two children, to estimate the effect of additional children on parents' labor supply … differences in the ages of children whose birth was caused by the instruments. The estimates imply that the labor supply …

A large literature exists on the impact of family structure on children's outcomes, typically focusing on average … children of married parents. We propose that the gains to marriage from a child's perspective depend on a mother's own level of … school completion or avoiding poverty at age 25, the "marriage premium for children" is highest for children of mothers with …

effects of overall and gender-specific economic shocks. We find only modest evidence of a link between overall economic … conditions and child maltreatment. However, analysis by gender reveals robust evidence that maltreatment decreases with …

children born after WWII. Using state-level data on income growth, smoking, obesity and education, we explain over 70% of the …

concentrated on the children with low socioeconomic status (SES) background. These results indicate that fetal insults such as … exposure to malnutrition may not only hamper the cognitive development of children subject to such conditions, but it may also …