a quality upgrade one of these inputs requires a period of learning before it can be used effectively, then in general … wasteful to tie up funds in the other inputs which will be underutilized until the date learning is over. We provide evidence …

Learning or experience curves are widely used to estimate cost functions in manufacturing modeling. They have recently … shows that there is a fundamental statistical identification problem in trying to separate learning from exogenous … technological change and that the estimated learning coefficient will generally be biased upwards. Second, we present two empirical …

) from upper-tail knowledge. As a proxy for the historical presence of knowledge elites, we use city-level subscriptions to … firm survey from the 1840s, we shed light on the mechanism: upper-tail knowledge raised productivity in innovative …

work on endogenous technological change. In this literature, technology is viewed as technological knowledge. I first … foreign direct investment; (iii) the spatial distribution of technological knowledge, and (iv) other issues …