A patent only protects an innovator from others producing the same product, but it does not protect him from others … within-patent competition, which results from production of the same product, and betweenpatent competition, which results … effects of intellectual property regulations on within -patent competition by showing how protecting innovative returns from …

The continuations procedure within the U.S. patent system has been criticized for enabling firms to manipulate the … patent review process for strategic purposes. Changes during the 1990s in patent procedures affected the incentives of … by R&D-intensive, small firms that patent heavily, and are more common in chemical and biological technologies. Patents …

of brand-name manufacturers receiving patent protection on peripheral features of the drug such as the route of … generic entry. In this paper, we explore how the Patent Office may improve the quality of the secondary patents issued …--thereby reducing the degree of unnecessary and harmful delays of generic entry--by giving examiners more time to review patent …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … patent policy are few. Possible reasons for these limited results are discussed, and possible avenues for future research are …

strengthening of US patent rights in the early 1980s. Yet the propensity of semiconductor firms to patent has risen dramatically … markets, while spawning patent portfolio races' among capital-intensive firms …

This paper examines intellectual property litigation as a method of protection from patent-infringing imports. Claims … against patent-infringing imports entering the United States may be filed before the International Trade Commission (ITC) or …

Using application-level data from the Patent Office from 2001 to 2012, merged with personnel data on patent examiners …, we explore the extent to which the key decision of examiners--whether to allow a patent--is shaped by the granting styles … grant rate of her peer group, an examiner in her first two years at the Patent Office will experience a 0.15 standard …

between highly similar patents, and patent applications are less likely to be abandoned post-AIPA, suggesting a reduction in … duplicative R&D. Firms exposed to one standard deviation longer patent grant delays increased their R&D investment by 4% after …

function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside …

The recent surge in U.S. patenting and expansion of patentable subject matter has increased patent office backlogs and …. At the same time patent litigation and its costs are rising. This paper explores the potential of a post-grant review … process modeled on the European opposition system to improve patent quality, reveal overlooked prior art, and reduce …