historical flows of German, Norwegian, and domestic migrants in the US and document that climate sorting also holds within …

reputation externalities matter for firms. We find that the Volkswagen scandal reduced the U.S. sales of the other German auto …

We compile large datasets from Norwegian and US historical censuses to study return migration during the Age of Mass … Migration (1850-1913). Return migrants were somewhat negatively selected from the migrant pool: Norwegian immigrants who … returned to Norway held slightly lower-paid occupations than Norwegian immigrants who stayed in the US, both before and after …

Using novel data on 50,000 Norwegian men, we study the effect of wealth on the probability of internal or international …

abruptly downgraded their previously high social standing, we propose a novel measure of local anti-German sentiment based on … more anti-German slurs reported in newspapers. German movers had worse occupational outcomes after the war but also the … communities, a few years of intense anti-German sentiment were reflected in worse economic outcomes that lasted for more than a …

We combine survey data on British and German immigrants in the US with data on natives in Britain and Germany to …

and transferred to West Germany. This inflow increased the German population by almost 20%. Using variation across …