This paper examines the regional distribution of public employment in Italy. It documents two sets of facts. This first … the wage bill in the South of Italy can be identified as a subsidy. Both the size of public employment and the level of … is the use of public employment as a subsidy from the North to the less wealthy South. We calculate that about half of …

credit, and reduce their employment and capital. However, when policy rates are constrained by the effective lower bound …, demand effects are stronger, leading firms to raise their prices more and no longer reduce their employment …

employment, socio-emotional skills, high school graduation, election participation, and obesity. Comparisons with individuals …

centralized wage setting on the industry distribution of employment. We examine Sweden's industry distribution from 1960 to 1994 … distribution. The compression associated with centralized wage-setting shifted the industry distribution of Swedish employment in …

their input factors. We find that higher payroll tax rates lead to large employment responses and have no effects on …

This paper studies how the transition from self-employment to employee-jobs over the long run of development explains …

administrative data paint a different picture, with the former showing little evidence of the growth in self-employment that would be … individual-level survey and administrative records shows that a large and growing fraction of those with self-employment activity … in administrative data have no such activity recorded in household survey data. The share of those with self-employment …

What factors determine national differences in the size and industry distribution of employment? We stress the role of … the economic policy environment as determined by business taxes, employment securitylaws, credit market regulations, the … set of policies and institutions, Sweden's employment distribution in the mid-1980s is sharply tilted away from low …

This paper analyzes the effects of environmental policy on employment (and unemployment) using a new general …-equilibrium two-sector search model. We find that imposing a pollution tax causes substantial reductions in employment in the … regulated (polluting) industry, but this is offset by increased employment in the unregulated (nonpolluting) sector. Thus the …

robotics should shape our thinking about the likely trajectory of occupational change and employment growth. A key observation …