the unemployment rate and the real minimum wage; sticks are measured by felony arrests, police force and New York City …. While both economic and deterrence variables are important in explaining the decline in crime, the contribution of …

therapies and crime rates. We describe recent trends in crime and review the evidence showing mental illness as a clear risk … pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of mental illness which diffused during the "great American crime decline." We examine … limited international data, as well as more detailed American data to assess the relationship between crime rates and rates of …

Strong sentences are common "tough on crime" tool used to reduce the incentives for individuals to participate in … participating in crime may adjust. I use California's Three Strikes law to identify several effects of a large increase in the … combined with the high cost of violent crime relative to non-violent crime implies that Three Strikes may not be a cost …

We present a simple model of the effects of hate crime legislation. It shows that even if the direct harm to victims of … hate crime is the same as for other crimes, because of other differences in the effects it may still be optimal to exert … more law-enforcement effort to deter or prevent hate crime. These differences also have previously unrecognized effects on …

deterrence' to crime: the threat of future adverse effects on employment payoffs when caught committing crimes reduces the … dynamic deterrence will be less effective in fighting crime. This suggests that prevention is more powerful than redemption …

A strong, negative empirical correlation exists between arrest rates and reported crime rates. While this relationship …, and/or a spurious correlation that would be induced by measurement error in reported crime rates. This paper attempts to … arrest rates and crime. Using a modified version of the techniques of Griliches and Hausman (1986) for dealing with …

Theories of crime in economics focus on the roles of deterrence and incapacitation in reducing criminal activity. In … play a role in crime reduction. This paper extends the Becker-Ehrlich model to a standard labor supply model that includes … an individual chooses to engage in crime. Second, we show that whether the production of criminal activity is a …

likelihood of future criminal justice involvement fell, with no apparent increase in local crime rates …