. Patent protection has increased around the world as a consequence of the TRIPS Agreement, which specifies minimum levels of …

protection within a specified time period as part of the TRIPS Agreement. However, members retained the right to impose price … product level, selection into TRIPS "treatment" is exogenously determined by compliance deadlines that vary across countries … discrimination across countries has increased for drugs patented post-TRIPS and prices are negatively related to the burden of …

pharmaceuticals that were compliant with the 1995 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). We combine …