We report the results of the first comparative study of the determinants and effects of patent oppositions in Europe … thirty times higher than the rate of re-examination at the USPTO. Moreover, opposition leads to a revocation of the patent in … about 41 percent of the cases, and to a restriction of the patent right in another 30 percent of the cases. Re …

A model of patent infringement is developed to analyze the relationship between litigation and aspects of the legal … environment such as the probability that the patent is found valid, the size of legal fees and their allocation across agents … this game has a fundamental impact on the value of patent protection to a patentee. This model is then linked to a patent …

The use of "pay-for-delay" settlements in patent litigation - in which a branded manufacturer and generic entrant … settle a Paragraph IV patent challenge and agree to forestall entry - has come under considerable scrutiny in recent years … instruments include standard measures of patent strength and a measure of settlement legality based on a split between several …

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information … from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The probability of being involved in a suit is … patent system generates incentives, net of expected enforcement costs, that differ across inventors. Patentees with a large …

patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the" U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. We construct … reference" to theoretical models of litigation and settlement and discuss what they suggest about the effect" of patent …

. To frame these issues, we start with a stylized model of the patent" litigation process. The bulk of the paper is devoted … to linking the empirical literature on patent" litigation to the parameters of the model. The four major areas we … affects the willingness to enforce patents, (iii) how the cost of enforcing" patents changes the private value of patent …

This paper examines the distribution of the values of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany during … alternative ages and the renewal fee schedules to produce estimates of the distribution (and the total) value of patent rights in … changes over the period. The empirical results of particular interest concern: the total value of patent rights and the …

France, the United Kingdom, and Germany, in conjunction with a model of patent holders' renewal decisions, to estimate the … innovation process, the model allows agents to be uncertain about the sequence of returns that will be earned if the patent is … spans,and calculations of both; the annual returns earned from holding the patents still in force (or the patent stocks) in …

We analyze the impact of accession to the regional patent system established by the European Patent Convention (EPC) on … applicants at the national patent offices and the European Patent Office (EPO). Our findings suggest a strong change in patent … filing behavior among foreigners seeking patent protection in the accession states, substituting EPO patents for domestic …

Can patent protection and product market competition complement each other in enhancing incentives to innovate? In this … product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding … positively to the product market reform in industries of countries where patent rights are strong, not where these are weak. The …