This short note emphasizes and illustrates two basic points: (1) The private costs of unemployment, i.e., the costs … cause of the permanently high unemployment rate in the United States. (2) The social costs of unemployment, i.e., the costs … of unemployment to the nation as a whole regardless of how they are distributed, must be judged by considering the …

unemployment. The sample of approximately 15,000 observations is drawn from the 1988 Alcohol Survey of the National Health …

: involuntary unemployment and the expected welfare losses from work requirements. The paper generalizes past evaluation theory and …

unemployment rate has been about 0.8 percentage points higher than if average inflation had been on target. This is a large … unemployment cost of undershooting the inflation target …

-displacement earnings if displaced in mass-layoff events that occur when the national unemployment rate is below 6 percent. They lose a … staggering 2.8 years of pre-displacement earnings if displaced when the unemployment rate exceeds 8 percent. These results … opportunities respond to contemporaneous economic conditions. Finally, we confront leading models of unemployment fluctuations with …