effects of pregnancy and childbirth on women's ability to work, while the introduction of infant formula reduced mothers …

-monotonically with parental income, and that children of parents in the top ventile of the income distribution have higher rates of low … birth weight and preterm birth than those in the bottom ventile. However, unlike birth outcomes, infant mortality varies … between income and maternal mortality. At the same time, these disparities by parental income are small when compared to …

with birth order, since mothers near or beyond their desired total fertility are more likely to make use of the … outcomes. We find that child-mortality patterns mirror those of breastfeeding with respect to gender and its interactions with … female child mortality in India, or about 22,000 "missing girls" each year …

Fertility decisions are often made by partners who may disagree. We develop a model in which an initial gender gap in … ideal fertility prevents effective communication between spouses about the costs of childbearing incurred by women. This … mechanism is likely to further widen the spousal disagreement over fertility in environments where maternal health risk is high …

sizeable among children born to mothers whose closest hospital had a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, suggest- ing that insurance … coverage under the Medicaid program over this period. Among teen mothers and high school dropouts, who were largely uninsured … in the health of infants, as measured by neonatal mortality. But the effect of eligibility on neonatal mortality is …

two children with the same mother but where a parent of the mother died during one of the pregnancies--augmented with a …

This paper investigates the impact of mothers' earnings on birth weight and gestational age of infants. It also … analyzes the impact of earnings on mothers' consumption of prenatal medical care, and their propensity to smoke and drink … mothers' earnings and employs a two-sample instrumental variables strategy. About 14 million records of births between 1989 …

Much of Africa has not yet gone through a "demographic transition" to reduced mortality and fertility rates. The fact … that the continent's countries remain mired in a Malthusian crisis of high mortality, high fertility, and rapid population …, econometric estimation is complicated by endogeneity among fertility and other variables of interest. We attempt to improve …