of the pre-WWII period, Japan's real GNP per worker was not much more than a third of that of the U.S., with falling … barrier, Japan's prewar GNP per worker would have been close to a half of the U.S. The labor barrier existed because, we argue …

, real world exports plunged 17 percent while GDP fell 5 percent. This paper examines whether deteriorations in bank health … 1990 through 2010, which enables us to match exporters with the main bank that provides them with trade finance. Our point …

rehabilitate the U.S. banking industry. Many of those strategies were used also in Japan to combat its banking problems in the 1990 … respect to four of the others. So far the U.S. has avoided Japan's problem of having impaired banks prop up zombie firms …

We investigate the motives and consequences of the consolidation of banks in Japan during the period of fiscal year …

find that banking relationships in the U.S. and Japan are strong in somewhat different dimensions. Our paper clarifies … these and other interesting similarities and differences between the U.S. and Japan …

paper investigates whether bank ties in Japan were costly for mature and healthy firms in the 1980's and 1990's, and whether … banks continued to facilitate investment once non-bank financing options became available. Using the explicit bond issuing … much larger for main bank client firms, once bond market access is controlled for. This result, coupled with results on the …

In this paper, I show that Japan will not be able to have a viable banking sector without stopping deflation. The …

This paper examines the determinants of firm stock-price performance from 1990 to 1993" in Japan. During that period of … shocks. We show that firms whose debt" had a higher fraction of bank loans in 1989 performed worse from 1990 to 1993. This … affect performance during this period of time. We find that firms that were more" bank-dependent also invested less during …

main bank, using the sample of Japanese manufacturing firms constructed by Hayashi and Inoue (1991). For either of two … classifications of firms by their access to a main bank, there is no evidence that main bank ties mitigate the sensitivity of … investment to the firm's liquidity. The large effect of main bank ties reported in Hoshi, Kashyap, and Scharfstein (1991) is most …